Research
Understanding breast cancer patients' preference for two types of exercise training during chemotherapy in an unblinded randomized controlled trial
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* Corresponding author: Kerry S Courneya kerry.courneya@ualberta.ca
1 Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
2 Minto Prevention and Rehabilitation Center, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
3 Division of Population Health and Information, Alberta Cancer Board, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
4 Department of Medical Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
5 Department of Medical Oncology, Ottawa Hospital Regional Cancer Center, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
6 Centre for Nursing and Health Studies, Athabasca University, Athabasca, Canada
7 School of Human Kinetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2008, 5:52 doi:10.1186/1479-5868-5-52
Published: 27 October 2008Abstract
Background
Patient preference for group assignment may affect outcomes in unblinded trials but few studies have attempted to understand such preferences. The purpose of the present study was to examine factors associated with breast cancer patients' preference for two types of exercise training during chemotherapy.
Methods
Breast cancer patients (N = 242) completed a battery of tests including a questionnaire that assessed patient preference and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) prior to being randomized to usual care, resistance exercise training (RET), or aerobic exercise training (AET).
Results
99 (40.9%) participants preferred RET, 88 (36.4%) preferred AET, and 55 (22.7%) reported no preference. Past exercisers (p = 0.023), smokers (p = 0.004), and aerobically fitter participants (p = 0.005) were more likely to prefer RET. As hypothesized, participants that preferred AET had more favorable TPB beliefs about AET whereas participants that preferred RET had more favorable TPB beliefs about RET. In multivariate modeling, patient preference for RET versus AET was explained (R2 = .46; p < 0.001) by the difference in motivation for RET versus AET (β = .56; p < 0.001), smoking status (β = .13; p = 0.007), and aerobic fitness (β = .12; p = 0.018). Motivational difference between RET versus AET, in turn, was explained (R2 = .48; p < 0.001) by differences in instrumental attitude (β = .27; p < 0.001), affective attitude (β = .25; p < 0.001), and perceived behavioral control (β = .24; p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Breast cancer patients' preference for RET versus AET during chemotherapy was predicted largely by a difference in motivation for each type of exercise which, in turn, was based on differences in their beliefs about the anticipated benefits, enjoyment, and difficulty of performing each type of exercise during chemotherapy. These findings may help explain patient preference effects in unblinded behavioral trials.
Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT00115713.