Methodology
Will web-based research suffice when collecting U.S. school district policies? The case of physical education and school-based nutrition policies
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* Corresponding author: Jamie F Chriqui jchriqui@uic.edu
1 University of Illinois at Chicago, Institute for Health Research and Policy, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, M/C 275, Chicago, Illinois 60608, USA
2 The MayaTech Corporation, 1100 Wayne Avenue, Suite 900, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, USA
3 Atlanta, Georgia 30324, USA
4 National Cancer Institute, 6130 Executive Boulevard, Executive Plaza, Room 4076, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
5 University of British Columbia, Department of Pediatrics, CCHR Centre for Community Child Health Research, L408-4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2008, 5:64 doi:10.1186/1479-5868-5-64
Published: 10 December 2008Abstract
Background
Recognizing the growing childhood overweight problem, a number of school-based strategies, including policy approaches, have been proposed and are being implemented to address the problem considering the amount of time children spend in schools. This paper describes the results of a pilot study that tested approaches to collecting U.S. school district policy information regarding physical education and nutrition requirements that can inform efforts by policy makers, researchers, advocates and others interested in collecting school district-level obesity-related policies that are typically not systematically available from a "one stop" source.
Methods
Sixty local school districts representing six states were selected for conducting the district policy research, with larger, urban school districts over-sampled to facilitate collection of policies from districts representing a larger proportion of the public school population in each study state. The six states within which the pilot districts were located were chosen based on the variability in their physical education and school-based nutrition policy and geographic and demographic diversity. Web research and a mail canvass of the study districts was conducted between January and May 2006 to obtain all relevant policies. An additional field collection effort was conducted in a sample of districts located in three study states to test the extent to which field collection would yield additional information.
Results
Policies were obtained from 40 (67%) of the 60 districts, with policies retrieved via both Web and mail canvass methods in 16 (27%) of the districts, and were confirmed to not exist in 10 (17%) of the districts. Policies were more likely to be retrieved from larger, urban districts, whereas the smallest districts had no policies available on the Web. In no instances were exactly the same policies retrieved from the two sources. Physical education policies were slightly more prevalent than nutrition policies.
Conclusion
Collection of U.S. local school district policies requires a multi-pronged approach. Web research and mail canvasses will likely yield different types of policy information. Given the variance in district-level Web site presence, researchers and others interested in obtaining district physical education and nutrition-related policies should consider supplementing Web research with more direct methods.