Table 2 |
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|
Results of Generalized Equation Models (GEM) of total energy intake (kilocalories per two-hour increment) in the time 4 pm to midnight in the total sample of 2–18 year olds and by sex, ethnic groups, and age groups |
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|
Beta Coefficient |
Standard Error |
P-value |
|
|
|
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|
Total sample population |
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|
|
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|
Sex (referent: male) |
-36.3 |
2.79 |
<0.001 |
|
|
|||
|
Year (in age) |
7.8 |
0.31 |
<0.001 |
|
|
|||
|
Overweight* |
0.2 |
3.86 |
0.967 |
|
|
|||
|
Obese* |
3.0 |
5.08 |
0.552 |
|
|
|||
|
Linear Time Trend |
-2.5 |
0.78 |
<0.001 |
|
|
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|
Males only |
|||
|
|
|||
|
Year (in age) |
10.7 |
0.49 |
<0.001 |
|
|
|||
|
Overweight |
-5.2 |
5.88 |
0.380 |
|
|
|||
|
Obese |
0.3 |
7.85 |
0.966 |
|
|
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|
Linear Time Trend |
-4.4 |
1.17 |
<0.001 |
|
|
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|
Females only |
|||
|
|
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|
Year (in age) |
4.8 |
0.35 |
<0.001 |
|
|
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|
Overweight |
4.1 |
4.92 |
0.407 |
|
|
|||
|
Obese |
4.3 |
6.41 |
0.505 |
|
|
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|
Linear Time Trend |
-0.4 |
1.02 |
0.698 |
|
|
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|
Non-Hispanic White |
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|
|
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|
Sex |
-41.2 |
4.08 |
<0.001 |
|
|
|||
|
Year (in age) |
8.4 |
0.45 |
<0.001 |
|
|
|||
|
Overweight |
0.1 |
5.74 |
0.987 |
|
|
|||
|
Obese |
5.2 |
8.22 |
0.527 |
|
|
|||
|
Linear Time Trend |
-2.7 |
1.11 |
0.016 |
|
|
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|
Non-Hispanic Black |
|||
|
|
|||
|
Sex |
-33.4 |
3.56 |
<0.001 |
|
|
|||
|
Year (in age) |
7.4 |
0.39 |
<0.001 |
|
|
|||
|
Overweight |
-0.4 |
5.04 |
0.931 |
|
|
|||
|
Obese |
-0.8 |
5.14 |
0.869 |
|
|
|||
|
Linear Time Trend |
-4.0 |
1.03 |
<0.001 |
|
|
|||
|
Mexican-Americans |
|||
|
|
|||
|
Sex |
-26.5 |
3.36 |
<0.001 |
|
|
|||
|
Year (in age) |
6.6 |
0.37 |
<0.001 |
|
|
|||
|
Overweight |
1.1 |
4.42 |
0.802 |
|
|
|||
|
Obese |
-5.2 |
4.71 |
0.268 |
|
|
|||
|
Linear Time Trend |
-0.5 |
1.09 |
0.639 |
|
|
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|
Other and multicultural |
|||
|
|
|||
|
Sex |
-35.0 |
12.32 |
0.005 |
|
|
|||
|
Year (in age) |
6.9 |
1.19 |
<0.001 |
|
|
|||
|
Overweight |
12.3 |
18.62 |
0.507 |
|
|
|||
|
Obese |
0.7 |
20.28 |
0.973 |
|
|
|||
|
Linear Time Trend |
5.0 |
4.20 |
0.237 |
|
|
|||
|
Other Hispanic |
|||
|
|
|||
|
Sex |
-15.6 |
11.74 |
0.183 |
|
|
|||
|
Year (in age) |
5.7 |
1.16 |
<0.001 |
|
|
|||
|
Overweight |
-9.0 |
14.15 |
0.524 |
|
|
|||
|
Obese |
14.1 |
24.27 |
0.561 |
|
|
|||
|
Linear Time Trend |
-4.5 |
3.38 |
0.182 |
|
|
|||
|
2–5 year olds |
|||
|
|
|||
|
Sex |
-3.1 |
3.39 |
0.354 |
|
|
|||
|
Year (in age) |
7.2 |
1.56 |
<0.001 |
|
|
|||
|
Overweight |
-1.2 |
5.34 |
0.826 |
|
|
|||
|
Obese |
5.8 |
6.78 |
0.389 |
|
|
|||
|
Linear Time Trend |
1.4 |
0.98 |
0.141 |
|
|
|||
|
6–11 Year olds |
|||
|
|
|||
|
Sex |
-22.2 |
4.47 |
<0.001 |
|
|
|||
|
Year (in age) |
4.9 |
1.33 |
<0.001 |
|
|
|||
|
Overweight |
16.7 |
6.20 |
0.007 |
|
|
|||
|
Obese |
10.3 |
7.74 |
0.184 |
|
|
|||
|
Linear Time Trend |
-4.6 |
1.23 |
<0.001 |
|
|
|||
|
12–18 year olds |
|||
|
|
|||
|
Sex |
-66.2 |
5.08 |
<0.001 |
|
|
|||
|
Year (in age) |
7.9 |
1.28 |
<0.001 |
|
|
|||
|
Overweight |
-15.9 |
6.07 |
0.009 |
|
|
|||
|
Obese |
-5.2 |
8.12 |
0.518 |
|
|
|||
|
Linear Time Trend |
-2.9 |
1.40 |
0.039 |
|
|
|||
|
* referent: Healthy body weight group |
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|
Eng et al. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2009 6:27 doi:10.1186/1479-5868-6-27 |
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